(7) In this study phenomenology is used and was approved by an authorized committee of the U.K. National Research Ethics Service. This is appropriate for this study because the objective is to understand parents’ feelings and perceptions of a trial intervention to increase parental knowledge and involvement in infant pain management to help refine the parental experience. The only limitation placed on the participants is that they have an infant in the NICU. The participants were selected in a randomized control trial and in two separate groups. One group was a nurse-led intervention group of 84 participants who signed an informed consent. Upon admission to the NICU, parents received an evidenced-based booklet regarding information on pain and comforting the infant. The parents then received two 45 minute visits from a research nurse that showed them how to use comfort techniques that the booklet explained. They were also encouraged to ask staff for further instruction if needed. The second group is considered a control group and consisted of 85 participants who also signed an informed consent. They received two 45 minute visits from a research nurse regarding how their NICU experience was. Both groups of parents completed a baseline questionnaire within three to seven days of admission and completed a second questionnaire about a week after the second visit. At approximately three months after discharge, the parents were mailed another questionnaire to fill out. 
	(8) There are two different sample sizes because there are different groups, a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group has 84 participants and the control group has 85 participants. There were no limitations other than they are parents of a NICU infant. This sample would only apply to that population but with no other limitations such as gender, age, or ethnicity. The sample method is a randomized control trial which is appropriate because it is unbiased and allows a range of participants. Typically in a qualitative study the sample size is 50 participants or less and this study has two groups in which the sample size is larger than that. Phenomenology does state that convenience samples are used because it is based on individual experience and that limits and criteria are not placed. With that, the sample size would technically be large for a qualitative study but phenomenology uses a different type of sampling. Protection of subjects is not directly addressed but they all signed an informed consent. (9) Two visits from nurse researchers are used and this allows the parents to comment on the experience. The article does not adequately state what the questionnaires ask or how long they are. It also does not state if the three questionnaires are different or all the same. Direct interviews seem to be the most appropriate method with this design method. Also, it states that only written in comments on the open ended questions are analyzed in this study which may affect the outcome of the results. Reliability and validity of the tools are not stated or addressed in the article.