Four broad goals within nursing
		To promote health
		To prevent illness
		To treat human responses to health or illness
		To advocate for individuals, families, communities and populations
	
	Advocacy- nurses take responsibility to protect the legal and ethical rights of patients
	Altruism- includes a true concern for the welfare of others and is reflected in the desire to understand the patients perspective and health beliefs. 
	Human dignity- present when nurses show respect for patients, such as by ensuring privacy and confidentiality 
	Integrity-providing honest information to patients, documenting care accurately, and reporting errors
	Social injustice- equal treatment and access to quality health care
	
	The health promotion made was  “created” by Pender
	
	Primary prevention
•	Involves strategies aimed at preventing problems. Immunization, health teaching, safety precautions, and nutrition counseling. 
	Secondary prevention
•	Includes the early diagnosis of health problems and prompt treatment to prevent complications. Vision screenings, pap smear, BP screenings, hearing test, scoliosis screening, and tuberculosis skin testing. 
	Tertiary prevention
•	Focuses on preventing  complications of an existing disease and promoting health to the highest level. Diet teaching for patients with diabetes, inhaler teaching for pts with lung diseases and exercise programs for those who have myocardial infarction. 
	
	Components of the nursing process
•	A- assessment
•	D- diagnosis
•	P- planning
•	I- implementation
•	E- evaluation
	
	Emergent assessment
•	Involves a life threatening or unstable situation, such as a traumatic energy.
	Comprehensive assessment
•	Includes a complete health history and physical assessment. Is done annually on an outpatient basis. 
	Focused assessment
•	Based upon the patients issues, it can occur in all settings
	
	Functional assessment focuses on the functional patterns that all humans share: health perceptions and health management, activity and exercise, nutrition and metabolism.
	
	Open-Ended Question
•	Requires patients to give more than yes or no answers
	Close-ended questions
•	Best for specific information that yields yes or no answers
	
	Correct order of the physical exam
•	Head to toe
	
	The general survey includes overall appearance, hygiene and dress, skin color, body structure, and developments, behavioral, facial expression, level of consciousness, speech, mobility, posture, range of motion and gait. 
	
	Age-related variations in Vital signs
Newborn- 120: 30-40: 73/55
Infant- 120: 20-40: 85/37
Toddler- 110: 25-32: 89/46
Child- 95: 20-26: 95/57
Preteen- 90: 18-26: 102/61
Teen- 80: 12-22: 112/64
Adult- 70-75: 12-20: 120/80
Well conditioned athlete: 50-60: 10-20: 120/80

Scale For Measuring Pulse
0- non palpable, or absent 
1+ weak, diminished, and barely palpable
2+ normal, expected
3+ full, increased
4+ bounding

To determine a pulse pressure, palpate one of the patients arterial pulse points, noting the rate, rhythm, and strength of the pulse, also note elasticity of the vessel. 

Nociception is the perception of pain by sensory receptors, located throughout the body. 
•	Transduction
•	Transmission
•	Perception
•	Modulation
	
	Primary concern if K+ level is to high or to low may cause potentially fatal cardiac dysrhythmias. 
	
	BMI-represents an ideal weight for height. 
•	BMI= weight x 703
     inches